Palawan Island: 30 Facts to Fuel Your Next Adventure

30 Fascinating and Unknown Facts About Palawan Island

Palawan Island, has long been hailed as one of the most beautiful islands in the world. But beyond the well-known tourist spots, this island holds a wealth of fascinating, lesser-known facts that make it even more extraordinary. Here are 30 facts about Palawan that will deepen your appreciation for this island treasure.

1. The Tubbataha Reefs: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Palawan is home to the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site located in the heart of the Sulu Sea. This marine sanctuary covers nearly 100,000 hectares and is known for its high biodiversity, including over 600 species of fish, 360 species of coral, and various species of sharks, rays, and turtles. It’s one of the most important coral reef ecosystems in the world. Despite its fame among divers, many people don’t realize that Tubbataha is only accessible by liveaboard boats during a short diving season from March to June due to its remote location.

2. The El Nido Hidden Beaches

While El Nido is famed for its towering limestone cliffs and picturesque lagoons, it also boasts numerous hidden beaches that remain relatively undiscovered by tourists. Secret Beach, located in Matinloc Island, is only accessible through a narrow opening in the cliffs, while Helicopter Island offers an idyllic, off-the-beaten-path escape. El Nido’s lesser-known spots offer serene beauty and tranquility, far from the crowded main beaches. Exploring these hidden gems requires a bit of local knowledge, making them ideal for adventurous travelers looking for a more intimate experience.

3. Palawan is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

Palawan was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1990, highlighting the island’s unique ecosystems and commitment to sustainable development. The island’s diverse habitats, from mangroves to coral reefs and limestone karsts, are home to a wide range of flora and fauna, some of which are found nowhere else on earth. This designation underscores Palawan’s importance as a global biodiversity hotspot and reinforces the need for conservation efforts to protect its fragile ecosystems from overdevelopment and environmental degradation.

4. The Underground River: One of the New 7 Wonders of Nature

The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River is one of Palawan’s most famous attractions, and for good reason. Stretching 8.2 kilometers, it is one of the longest navigable underground rivers in the world. In 2012, it was recognized as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature. What’s lesser-known is the rich ecosystem surrounding the river. The surrounding St. Paul Mountain Range is a protected area teeming with wildlife, including monitor lizards, monkeys, and a wide array of birds. Despite its international recognition, many visitors are unaware of the underground river’s geological and ecological significance.

5. The Tagbanua: Palawan's Indigenous People

The Tagbanua are one of the oldest ethnic groups in the Philippines and have lived on Palawan for thousands of years. They have a deep spiritual connection to the island’s natural resources, practicing sustainable fishing, farming, and foraging techniques passed down through generations. The Tagbanua have ancestral rights over Coron Island, where they manage tourism and protect sacred sites like Kayangan Lake and the Twin Lagoon. Although their presence is integral to the island’s culture, many visitors are unaware of the Tagbanua’s vital role in preserving Palawan’s heritage and environment.

6. Palawan's Fossilized Megalodon Teeth

In 2018, divers off the coast of Palawan discovered fossilized teeth from a Megalodon, a giant prehistoric shark that lived millions of years ago. These fossil finds give scientists valuable insights into the marine life that once thrived in the area. Megalodon teeth are rare and sought-after collectibles, making Palawan an intriguing destination for fossil hunters and marine biologists alike. While Palawan is more famous for its beaches and clear waters, its connection to prehistoric marine giants is a fascinating, lesser-known aspect of its history.

7. A World War II Relic Underwater

Palawan is home to the wreckage of several World War II Japanese warships, which were sunk by U.S. forces during the Battle of Coron Bay in 1944. Today, these shipwrecks are popular dive sites, attracting divers from around the world. Coron’s underwater wrecks, such as the Irako and Akitsushima, are considered some of the best-preserved wreck dives in Southeast Asia. What many don’t know is that these wrecks also serve as artificial reefs, attracting a rich diversity of marine life, from schools of barracuda to colorful corals.

8. Palawan's Blue Hole

Most people associate blue holes with the Bahamas, but Palawan has its very own hidden gem. The Panglao Blue Hole, located near Busuanga Island, is a vertical underwater cave with depths of over 30 meters. This dive site is a lesser-known treasure for experienced divers seeking adventure and mystery. While exploring the blue hole, divers can encounter a variety of marine species, including tunas, groupers, and even sea turtles. Despite its allure, the Panglao Blue Hole remains relatively under-explored compared to other famous dive spots in Palawan.

9. Cuyo Islands: The Kiteboarding Capital

The Cuyo Islands, located northeast of Palawan, are a hidden paradise for water sports enthusiasts, particularly kiteboarders. With steady winds, uncrowded beaches, and shallow waters, Cuyo has gained a reputation as the kiteboarding capital of the Philippines. What makes Cuyo unique is its isolation and preserved heritage, including old Spanish colonial structures like Cuyo Fort and Church. Despite being a world-class kiteboarding destination, Cuyo remains off the radar for most tourists, offering a more rustic and authentic Palawan experience for those willing to venture off the beaten path.

10. Balabac: Palawan’s Hidden Tropical Gem

Balabac is a group of islands located at the southernmost tip of Palawan, and it is one of the most remote and least visited parts of the region. Known for its turquoise waters, pink sand beaches, and rich marine life, Balabac is a tropical paradise that has yet to be fully discovered by mainstream tourism. The islands are home to unique wildlife, including the critically endangered Philippine mouse-deer. Getting to Balabac requires effort, as there are no direct flights, and travel often involves multiple boat rides, but the untouched beauty of the islands makes it well worth the journey.

11. Coron's Enchanting Lakes

While Coron is known for its shipwrecks and vibrant coral reefs, its lakes are equally enchanting. Kayangan Lake, often dubbed the cleanest lake in the Philippines, is surrounded by towering limestone cliffs and crystal-clear waters perfect for swimming and snorkeling. Less famous but just as stunning is Barracuda Lake, known for its dramatic underwater landscapes and thermocline, where the water temperature shifts sharply at certain depths. These freshwater lakes provide a different kind of adventure for those who want to explore Coron beyond its usual underwater attractions.

12. Palawan's Diverse Mangrove Forests

Palawan is home to some of the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in the Philippines. Mangrove forests play a crucial role in protecting coastal areas from erosion and storm surges, as well as providing habitat for a wide range of species, including fish, birds, and crustaceans. The island’s mangrove ecosystems are vital for local communities, offering both ecological services and sustainable livelihoods. Tours through the mangrove forests of Sabang and the Iwahig River allow visitors to appreciate these natural wonders up close, often culminating in magical firefly watching experiences at night.

13. El Nido's Mysterious Caves

While El Nido is primarily known for its picturesque lagoons and beaches, it also hides a network of mysterious caves waiting to be explored. One of the most famous is Cathedral Cave, named for its towering rock formations that resemble the interior of a cathedral. Another lesser-known gem is Cudugnon Cave, an ancient burial site that offers glimpses into Palawan’s pre-colonial history. These caves are often overshadowed by El Nido’s more famous attractions, but they provide a thrilling adventure for those interested in Palawan’s geological and cultural heritage.

14. Palawan's Remarkable Indigenous Wildlife

Palawan is a sanctuary for numerous endemic species, including the Palawan hornbill, the Palawan bearcat (binturong), and the critically endangered Palawan peacock-pheasant. The island’s unique isolation from the rest of the Philippines has allowed these species to evolve distinctly. Palawan also serves as a migratory stop for many bird species. Despite its reputation as an eco-paradise, Palawan’s wildlife is under threat from habitat loss and illegal poaching, making conservation efforts all the more crucial to preserving its biodiversity.

15. Port Barton: The Quiet Beach Getaway

While El Nido and Coron get most of the attention, Port Barton remains one of Palawan’s best-kept secrets. This small coastal village offers laid-back charm, pristine beaches, and access to stunning snorkeling sites, including the Twin Reefs and Exotic Island. Port Barton’s slower pace of life and unspoiled natural beauty attract travelers looking to escape the crowds and experience a more authentic side of Palawan. Despite its growing popularity, Port Barton has managed to retain its off-the-beaten-path appeal, making it a haven for backpackers and nature lovers.

16. The Limestone Karsts: Palawan’s Natural Monuments

Palawan’s iconic limestone karsts, especially those in El Nido and Coron, are among the most dramatic geological formations in Southeast Asia. These towering cliffs, which rise sharply from the sea, were formed over millions of years through the slow erosion of coral reefs and other sedimentary rocks. What many don’t realize is that these karsts are not just visually stunning but also provide a unique habitat for many endemic plant and animal species. Some of the caves within the karst formations also hold ancient archaeological sites, adding to their mystique and historical significance.

17. The Iwahig Penal Colony: An Open-Air Prison

One of the more unusual attractions in Palawan is the Iwahig Penal Colony, an open-air prison where inmates are allowed to farm, fish, and even live with their families within the colony. Established by the American colonial government in 1904, Iwahig is one of the oldest and largest prisons in the world by land area. Visitors can tour parts of the colony, learn about its rehabilitation programs, and purchase handcrafted souvenirs made by the inmates. Despite its unconventional approach to incarceration, Iwahig remains an intriguing aspect of Palawan’s history and social structure.

18. The Endangered Philippine Cockatoo

Palawan is the last stronghold for the critically endangered Philippine cockatoo, also known as the "Katala." These beautiful white parrots, with their striking red-orange cheeks, are found primarily in the Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary off the coast of Palawan. Conservationists are working hard to protect this species from extinction, as habitat destruction and illegal poaching have drastically reduced their numbers. Visitors to Rasa Island can participate in birdwatching tours to see these rare birds in their natural habitat and learn about the efforts to save them from extinction.

19. Palawan's Hidden Hot Springs

Tucked away in the mountains near Coron are Maquinit Hot Springs, one of the few saltwater hot springs in the world. Surrounded by mangrove trees and offering a scenic view of the nearby bay, these hot springs provide a relaxing escape after a day of exploring Coron’s shipwrecks and lagoons. Despite their natural beauty and therapeutic properties, Maquinit Hot Springs remain relatively uncrowded compared to other tourist hotspots, making them a peaceful retreat for those in the know.

20. Calauit Island: A Safari Adventure in the Philippines

Calauit Island, located off the coast of northern Palawan, offers a unique safari experience in the Philippines. In the 1970s, African animals such as giraffes, zebras, and antelopes were introduced to the island as part of a wildlife conservation project. Today, Calauit is home to a thriving population of both African and endemic species. Visitors can take guided tours to see these animals up close in a natural, open environment. While many people associate safaris with Africa, Calauit Island provides a rare opportunity to experience one right in the heart of Southeast Asia.

21. The Pangolin: Palawan’s Gentle Armored Creature

The Philippine pangolin, also known as the Palawan pangolin, is one of the rarest and most endangered mammals in the world. These shy, nocturnal creatures are covered in protective scales and play a crucial role in controlling insect populations. Sadly, they are heavily poached for their meat and scales, which are used in traditional medicine. Palawan is one of the last places where these fascinating animals can be found in the wild, and conservation efforts are underway to protect them from extinction. However, due to their elusive nature, few visitors are lucky enough to spot one.

22. Palawan's Ancient Human History

In 1962, the Tabon Caves in Quezon, Palawan, yielded one of the most significant archaeological discoveries in the Philippines: the Tabon Man, whose remains date back approximately 16,500 years. Dubbed the "Cradle of Philippine Civilization," the caves contain artifacts that offer insights into early human life in Southeast Asia. The Tabon Caves Complex is now a National Cultural Treasure, and visitors can explore some of the caves that are open to the public. The discovery of Tabon Man helped shape our understanding of prehistoric human migration in the region.

23. The Magical Fireflies of Iwahig River

A visit to the Iwahig River in Puerto Princesa offers a magical experience: watching thousands of fireflies light up the mangrove trees at night. These enchanting creatures create a surreal glow as they blink in unison, reflecting off the calm river waters. The firefly-watching tours also provide an opportunity to learn about the local ecosystem and the importance of preserving the mangroves. This natural light show is one of Palawan’s hidden gems and a must-see for nature lovers seeking a unique experience.

24. Palawan's Bioluminescent Plankton

Palawan’s waters are home to another natural light show: bioluminescent plankton. On dark, moonless nights, the plankton emits a blue glow when disturbed, creating an otherworldly effect in the water. This phenomenon can often be seen in secluded areas of the island, particularly around El Nido and Coron. While bioluminescence is not unique to Palawan, the clarity of the island’s waters makes it one of the best places to witness this awe-inspiring natural wonder. Swimming or kayaking among these glowing waters is an unforgettable experience for visitors lucky enough to catch the display.

25. The Coron Saltwater Hot Spring

Near the town of Coron lies Maquinit Hot Springs, one of the few saltwater hot springs in the world. Nestled between mangrove forests and a picturesque bay, this natural spa offers therapeutic waters that can reach up to 40°C (104°F). The springs are a perfect spot to relax after a day of island hopping or hiking. While many tourists flock to Coron for its famous wreck dives and lagoons, Maquinit Hot Springs remains a lesser-known retreat for those seeking relaxation and tranquility in a unique setting.

26. Palawan's Unique Cuisine

Palawan’s cuisine is a delightful mix of traditional Filipino dishes and local specialties. One of the island’s most famous dishes is Tamilok, also known as woodworm. Despite its appearance, Tamilok is a type of mollusk found in mangroves and is considered a delicacy. It’s often served raw with vinegar, and adventurous eaters describe it as tasting similar to oysters. Another Palawan specialty is Nido Soup, made from edible bird’s nests harvested from limestone caves. These nests are a rare and expensive delicacy, believed to have medicinal properties. Palawan’s unique culinary offerings are a must-try for food lovers.

27. The Palawan Hornbill: A Symbol of the Island

The Palawan hornbill, locally known as "Talusi," is an endangered species native to the island’s forests. This striking bird, with its black feathers, white tail, and large yellow beak, is an important part of Palawan’s biodiversity. Conservation efforts are in place to protect the hornbill’s habitat, as deforestation and hunting have drastically reduced its population. The Palawan hornbill is often seen as a symbol of the island’s rich wildlife, and spotting one in the wild is a rare and rewarding experience for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.

28. The Mangrove Paddle Boat Tours of Sabang

Sabang is best known as the gateway to the Puerto Princesa Underground River, but it also offers a unique eco-tourism experience: mangrove paddle boat tours. These peaceful excursions take visitors through the dense mangrove forests that line the Sabang River, where they can observe a variety of wildlife, including snakes, birds, and fish. The local guides share their knowledge of the mangrove ecosystem and its importance in protecting the coastline from erosion. The tours are a great way to experience Palawan’s natural beauty while learning about the vital role mangroves play in the environment.

29. Palawan's Bamboo Organ

Few people know that Palawan is home to one of the oldest and most unique musical instruments in the Philippines: the Palawan Bamboo Organ. Located in the town of Narra, this rare instrument is made entirely from bamboo and has a rich, resonant sound. The bamboo organ is used during local festivals and church services, adding a distinctive cultural element to Palawan’s musical traditions. Although it may not be as famous as the Las Piñas Bamboo Organ in Manila, Palawan’s version is a remarkable piece of craftsmanship and heritage.

30. Palawan's Role in the Global Pearl Industry

Palawan is one of the top producers of South Sea pearls, which are among the most valuable and sought-after pearls in the world. The island’s pearl farms, particularly around the towns of Taytay and Balabac, produce pearls known for their size, luster, and rich colors, ranging from white to gold. The cultivation of pearls in Palawan is done sustainably, with strict measures in place to protect the surrounding marine environment. While many visitors come for the beaches, few realize that Palawan plays a crucial role in the global pearl industry.

Palawan stands as a remarkable island filled with hidden facts that showcase its rich biodiversity, cultural heritage, and natural wonders. From the mysterious caves and vibrant coral reefs to its indigenous people and World War II relics, each fact uncovers a deeper layer of the island’s identity. The unique wildlife, historical treasures, and off-the-beaten-path destinations add even more depth to Palawan’s charm. With each discovery, the island reveals a story of preservation, beauty, and adventure that goes beyond its well-known attractions.