Last Update
November 3, 2024 10:48 AM

Orkney Islands

Orkney Islands

Quick Info

Orkney Islands
The Orkney Islands, an archipelago located off the northeastern coast of Scotland, are renowned for their stunning landscapes, rich Viking history, and Neolithic heritage. With 70 islands, of which 20 are inhabited, Orkney offers a unique blend of rugged coastlines, rolling farmland, and tranquil villages. The islands are home to UNESCO World Heritage sites, including the ancient stone circle at the Ring of Brodgar and the well-preserved Neolithic village of Skara Brae. Visitors can enjoy scenic hikes, explore wildlife-rich shores, and discover a history that spans thousands of years, from Pictish relics to Viking settlements. With its vibrant local culture, festivals, and friendly locals, Orkney is a place where history, nature, and adventure blend seamlessly.
Capital:
Kirkwall
Main cities:
Kirkwall, Stromness, St Margaret’s Hope, Finstown
International airport:
Kirkwall Airport (KOI)
Population:
About 22,500
Area:
990 sq km
Dependency Status:
Scotland
Language:
English, Scots, Orkney Scots
Currency:
British Pound (GBP, £)
Time zone:
GMT +0
Country Code:
+44 (0)1856
Driving:
Left-hand side
Electricity:
Plug and Outlet Type: Type G, Standard Voltage 230V
Emergency Number:
999 or 112
Tipping:
Tipping is not compulsory but appreciated; 10% is standard in restaurants and taxis.

Map

Best Time to Visit

Orkney Islands

The best time to visit the Orkney Islands is during the summer months, from May to September, when the days are long, the weather is mild, and wildlife is abundant. During this time, temperatures range from 10°C to 15°C, and the famous “Simmer Dim,” or long summer twilight, allows for extended daylight hours. This is also the season when Orkney’s vibrant festivals take place, including the renowned St Magnus International Festival, celebrating music, arts, and culture.

Spring, from April to May, is also a lovely time to visit, with blooming wildflowers and abundant birdwatching opportunities. The Orkney Islands are home to a rich variety of seabirds, including puffins, fulmars, and guillemots, which nest along the cliffs.

While winter is quieter and colder, from November to February, it offers the chance to see the Northern Lights and enjoy a more peaceful experience of the islands, with fewer tourists and cozy fireside evenings in local inns. However, weather conditions can be harsh, with strong winds and rain, so travelers should be prepared for a more rugged experience.

Top 10 Attractions in

Orkney Islands

  • Skara Brae – A UNESCO World Heritage site, Skara Brae is an exceptionally well-preserved Neolithic village that dates back over 5,000 years. Visitors can explore the ancient stone dwellings and learn about the daily lives of the prehistoric people who lived there.
  • Ring of Brodgar – One of the largest stone circles in Britain, the Ring of Brodgar is an awe-inspiring prehistoric monument surrounded by beautiful landscapes. It’s a must-visit for history enthusiasts and those interested in Orkney’s ancient culture.
  • Maeshowe – A Neolithic chambered cairn and passage grave, Maeshowe is famous for its intricate Viking runes carved into the stone walls. During the winter solstice, the setting sun illuminates the interior, aligning perfectly with the passageway.
  • St Magnus Cathedral – Located in Kirkwall, St Magnus Cathedral is a stunning example of medieval architecture. Known as the “Light of the North,” the cathedral was founded by the Vikings in the 12th century and remains one of Orkney’s most iconic landmarks.
  • Italian Chapel – Built by Italian prisoners of war during World War II, this beautifully decorated chapel on Lamb Holm is a testament to creativity and resilience. The chapel’s interior is intricately painted, and it has become a symbol of peace and hope.
  • The Old Man of Hoy – A striking sea stack rising 137 meters above the ocean, the Old Man of Hoy is one of Orkney’s most famous natural landmarks. Accessible by a scenic hike, it offers dramatic views of the coastline and is popular with climbers.
  • Brough of Birsay – A tidal island accessible by foot during low tide, the Brough of Birsay offers both historical and natural attractions, including Pictish and Viking ruins, as well as stunning seabird colonies along the cliffs.
  • Scapa Flow – A natural harbor used as a major naval base during both World Wars, Scapa Flow is now a popular spot for diving enthusiasts. Wrecks of German battleships from World War I rest beneath its waters, offering unique underwater exploration opportunities.
  • Eynhallow Sound – Known for its strong tidal currents, Eynhallow Sound is a great spot for wildlife viewing. Visitors can spot seals, porpoises, and, if lucky, orcas. It’s also a great location for birdwatching.
  • Stromness – This charming fishing village on Orkney’s west coast is known for its narrow streets and stone houses. Stromness is a hub for art, with galleries and studios showcasing local work, and it’s the gateway to the dramatic cliffs and coastal landscapes nearby.
  • Local Tips -

    Orkney Islands

  • Prepare for the Wind – The Orkney Islands are known for their strong winds, so make sure to bring windproof clothing and sturdy shoes, especially if you plan to hike or explore the coast.
  • Book Ferries in Advance – If you plan to travel between islands or arrive by ferry, be sure to book your tickets in advance, especially during the summer months when ferries can fill up quickly.
  • Try Orkney’s Local Cuisine – Don’t miss out on Orkney’s local specialties, including Orkney cheese, fresh seafood (particularly scallops and lobster), and traditional dishes like Cullen skink (a hearty fish soup).
  • Visit During Festival Season – If possible, time your visit to coincide with one of Orkney’s cultural festivals, such as the St Magnus Festival in June or the Orkney Folk Festival in May. These events celebrate the islands' rich musical and artistic heritage.
  • Explore Orkney’s Craftsmanship – Orkney is known for its talented artisans. Be sure to visit local shops for handmade crafts, including Orkney chairs, jewelry, and pottery, all of which reflect the islands’ unique heritage.
  • Respect Wildlife – When exploring Orkney’s coastal areas and nature reserves, remember to keep a respectful distance from wildlife, especially nesting birds and seals. Orkney is home to a wide variety of seabirds, and many areas are protected.
  • Dress in Layers – The weather in Orkney can be unpredictable, with sunshine, rain, and wind all in the same day. Dressing in layers will help you stay comfortable as conditions change.
  • Experience the Northern Lights – If you visit Orkney in the winter, keep an eye out for the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis). On clear nights, you may be able to witness this magical natural light show.
  • Explore by Bike – Cycling is a popular way to explore Orkney’s islands, with quiet roads and scenic routes that pass through farmland, along cliffs, and past historical sites.
  • Learn Some Local History – Orkney has a fascinating history that spans thousands of years, from Neolithic settlements to Viking invasions. Visiting local museums like the Orkney Museum in Kirkwall can enrich your understanding of the islands’ past.
  • Carnivals and Festivals in

    Orkney Islands

  • St Magnus International Festival – Held every June, this world-class arts and culture festival celebrates music, literature, and the performing arts. It brings together international and local artists for concerts, plays, and exhibitions in venues across the islands.
  • Orkney Folk Festival – Every May, the Orkney Folk Festival brings together musicians from across Scotland and beyond for a weekend of lively folk music performances. The festival celebrates traditional Scottish and Orcadian music with concerts, workshops, and ceilidhs.
  • Orkney Science Festival – This week-long festival in September showcases scientific achievements and discoveries, with talks, workshops, and activities for all ages. The festival blends science with Orkney’s unique heritage, making it both educational and entertaining.
  • Orkney International Storytelling Festival – Held in October, this festival celebrates the ancient art of storytelling with performances by storytellers from across the globe. The event includes storytelling sessions, workshops, and family-friendly events.
  • Orkney Blues Festival – A celebration of blues music held in September, this festival brings local and international blues musicians to Orkney’s pubs, halls, and outdoor stages. It’s a lively weekend of music, dancing, and socializing.
  • Cool Facts About

    Orkney Islands

  • Neolithic Heartland – Orkney is home to some of the best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe, including Skara Brae, Maeshowe, and the Ring of Brodgar, making it a UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the “Heart of Neolithic Orkney.”
  • Puffins Paradise – The islands are a haven for seabirds, particularly puffins, which nest along the cliffs of Hoy and other areas from April to July. Puffin watching is a popular activity for visitors during the summer months.
  • Orcadian Dialect – Although English is widely spoken, Orkney has its own unique dialect with influences from Old Norse, a legacy of the islands’ Viking history. Words like “peedie” (meaning small) are still commonly used.
  • The Oldest Parliament – Orkney was home to one of the oldest parliamentary assemblies in the world, known as the Orkney Thing. This Viking assembly met on the island of Mainland in the 11th century.
  • Highland Park Distillery – Highland Park is the most northerly whisky distillery in Scotland, located in Kirkwall. It’s known for its award-winning single malt whisky, which has been produced on the island since 1798.
  • Orkney’s Viking Heritage – The Orkney Islands were under Norse rule for over 600 years, and Viking influence is still evident today in place names, local traditions, and Orkney’s distinct identity.
  • Cattle and Sheep – Farming is a major part of life in Orkney, and the islands are known for their high-quality beef, lamb, and cheese. Orkney’s lush pastures and cool climate provide ideal conditions for livestock.
  • Sea Stacks and Cliffs – The dramatic cliffs and sea stacks of Orkney, including the Old Man of Hoy and Yesnaby, are popular with hikers, birdwatchers, and climbers. These natural features provide stunning coastal views.
  • Winter Solstice at Maeshowe – Every year during the winter solstice, the setting sun perfectly aligns with the entrance of the Neolithic tomb at Maeshowe, illuminating the inner chamber. It’s a remarkable example of ancient astronomical knowledge.
  • Orkney Chair – A distinctive piece of local craftsmanship, the Orkney chair is made from driftwood and straw. These traditional chairs, with their enclosed high backs, were designed to protect against the cold and wind.
  • FAQ

    What is the Island known for?
    The Orkney Islands, located off the northern coast of Scotland, are known for their rich history, stunning landscapes, and ancient Neolithic sites. Orkney is home to some of Europe’s best-preserved prehistoric monuments, including the UNESCO World Heritage site, the Heart of Neolithic Orkney, which features landmarks like Skara Brae, a 5,000-year-old village, and the Ring of Brodgar, a massive stone circle. The islands are also famous for their Viking heritage, rugged cliffs, and vibrant wildlife, including seabird colonies and marine life. Orkney’s blend of history, culture, and natural beauty makes it a unique destination for travelers.

    Is the Island a good destination for families?
    Yes, the Orkney Islands are a great destination for families, especially those interested in history and nature. Kids will enjoy exploring ancient sites like Skara Brae and Maeshowe, while nature lovers can take boat tours to spot puffins, seals, and other wildlife. The islands offer various outdoor activities, such as hiking, beachcombing, and cycling. Family-friendly accommodations and local museums also make Orkney a comfortable and educational destination for children and parents alike.

    Is the Island a safe destination for tourists?
    Orkney is considered very safe for tourists, with low crime rates and a welcoming community. The islands are peaceful and provide a tranquil setting for visitors, making them an ideal location for those seeking a quiet getaway. As with any travel destination, it’s important to take basic precautions, such as safeguarding personal belongings and being mindful of the weather, especially when hiking or exploring more remote areas.

    Do you need a visa to visit the Island?
    The Orkney Islands are part of the United Kingdom, so visa requirements depend on your nationality. Visitors from the European Union, the U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand typically do not need a visa for short stays. However, travelers from other countries may require a visa to enter the U.K. It’s important to check the latest entry requirements based on your nationality before traveling.

    What is the best way to get to the Island?
    The most common way to reach the Orkney Islands is by ferry or air. Ferries run from mainland Scotland, with services from Aberdeen, Scrabster, and Gills Bay to Orkney’s main town of Kirkwall or Stromness. Flights are also available from Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Inverness to Kirkwall Airport. Once on the islands, renting a car or using local buses and taxis are convenient ways to explore the main attractions.

    Should I rent a car on the Island?
    Renting a car is recommended if you want to explore the Orkney Islands at your own pace. The islands are easy to navigate, and having a car allows you to visit remote historical sites, beaches, and viewpoints that may not be easily accessible by public transport. While buses and taxis are available, a rental car offers greater flexibility for sightseeing and experiencing Orkney’s natural beauty.

    Is the Island wheelchair accessible?
    Many attractions in Orkney are making efforts to improve accessibility, particularly in key tourist areas like Skara Brae, the Standing Stones of Stenness, and local museums. Some natural sites may present challenges due to rugged terrain, but several historical landmarks have been adapted for wheelchair users, including paved paths and ramps. It’s advisable to check with individual sites and accommodations in advance to ensure they meet accessibility needs.

    What are the Island’s most famous landmarks?
    Orkney is renowned for its Neolithic sites, with Skara Brae, the Ring of Brodgar, and the Standing Stones of Stenness being among the most famous landmarks. Maeshowe, a 5,000-year-old chambered tomb, is another must-see for history enthusiasts. The Italian Chapel, built by Italian prisoners of war during World War II, is a unique and touching monument. St. Magnus Cathedral in Kirkwall, known as the "Light of the North," is a stunning medieval cathedral and another key landmark on the islands.

    What are the best beaches on the Island?
    Orkney offers beautiful and often quiet beaches, perfect for long walks and nature exploration. Birsay Bay is known for its tidal pools and stunning views, while Skaill Bay, near Skara Brae, is popular for beachcombing. Waulkmill Bay is ideal for birdwatching and features long stretches of sand during low tide. Rackwick Beach on the island of Hoy is another standout, with dramatic cliffs and a pebbled shoreline, perfect for photography and scenic hikes.

    What is unique about the Island’s wildlife?
    The Orkney Islands are a haven for wildlife, particularly seabirds and marine life. The islands are home to puffins, guillemots, and kittiwakes, and birdwatchers can spot these species during nesting season. Seals are a common sight along the coastline, and dolphins, porpoises, and orcas can occasionally be seen in the surrounding waters. Orkney is also known for its rare plant species, particularly on the more remote islands, and the area’s rich marine ecosystem attracts divers and nature enthusiasts alike.

    What traditional foods should you try on the Island?
    Orkney’s cuisine is rooted in local produce, seafood, and traditional Scottish fare. Be sure to try Orkney crab, fresh from the surrounding waters, as well as herring and scallops. Orkney beef and lamb, raised on the islands, are also popular and used in hearty stews and roasts. Local cheese, especially Orkney cheddar, is a must-try, along with oatcakes and bere bannocks, a type of traditional flatbread. Don’t miss sampling Orkney fudge, a sweet treat available in local shops.

    Can you drink tap water on the Island?
    Yes, tap water in the Orkney Islands is safe to drink and of excellent quality. The water is sourced from local reservoirs and is clean and refreshing, so visitors can drink tap water throughout the islands with confidence.

    What is the nightlife like on the Island?
    Nightlife in Orkney is relaxed and low-key, with most evening entertainment centered around local pubs and restaurants. Kirkwall, the islands’ main town, offers a selection of cozy pubs where visitors can enjoy traditional music, local craft beers, and whiskies. While Orkney doesn’t have a wild party scene, its pubs and community events provide a warm and welcoming atmosphere for socializing and experiencing local culture.

    How can I stay connected to the internet on the Island?
    Wi-Fi is available at most hotels, guesthouses, and cafes in Orkney, particularly in larger towns like Kirkwall and Stromness. Cellular coverage is reliable in most areas, although some remote spots may have limited service. Visitors can use international roaming services or purchase a local SIM card for more affordable data options.

    What are some local souvenirs to bring home from the Island?
    Popular souvenirs from Orkney include locally made crafts, such as woolen products, pottery, and jewelry inspired by the islands’ Viking and Neolithic heritage. Orkney whisky, produced at local distilleries like Highland Park and Scapa, is a favorite choice for visitors. Other great souvenirs include Orkney cheese, locally produced fudge, and artwork that reflects the islands’ dramatic landscapes. Many shops in Kirkwall and Stromness offer a wide range of handmade, artisanal goods that showcase Orkney’s unique culture and history.

    20 Essential Words

  • Peedie – Small or tiny, often used to describe something endearing or diminutive.
  • Birl – To spin or turn quickly, commonly heard in reference to dancing or fast movements.
  • Dreich – A Scots word meaning bleak or dreary, often used to describe weather.
  • Flegg – A term used for a flag, often heard in relation to maritime flags or signals.
  • Haaf – Deep-sea fishing, a term that reflects Orkney’s rich fishing history.
  • Loon – A boy or young man, used in Orcadian dialect.
  • Peerie – Another word for small, similar to “peedie,” often used in conversation.
  • Skerry – A small, rocky island or reef, common in the waters around Orkney.
  • Craggy – A word to describe the rugged cliffs and rocky landscapes found across Orkney.
  • Breck – A patch of ground, often referring to land that’s difficult to farm or manage.
  • Burn – A small stream or brook, often found in the rural areas of Orkney.
  • Kirn – A churn used to make butter, reflecting Orkney’s agricultural roots.
  • Gale – A strong wind, frequently encountered in Orkney’s exposed landscapes.
  • Kirk – A church, commonly used in Scots and still widely heard in Orkney.
  • Howe – A hollow or valley, reflecting the island’s undulating landscape.
  • Tattie – Potato, a staple of Orkney’s traditional farming and diet.
  • Clarty – Muddy or dirty, a term you might hear after a rainy day in the fields.
  • Breckan – A local term for bracken, a type of fern found across the Orkney landscape.
  • Firth – A large coastal inlet or bay, such as Scapa Flow.
  • Bunkle – A term meaning rough or uneven, often used to describe land or sea conditions.
  • Famous figures connected to

    Orkney Islands

  • George Mackay Brown – A renowned Scottish poet and author, George Mackay Brown was born in Stromness and drew much of his inspiration from the landscapes and history of Orkney. His works explore the themes of life, death, and the passage of time in the islands.
  • Magnus Erlendsson – Saint Magnus, the Viking Earl of Orkney, was martyred in the 12th century and later canonized. St Magnus Cathedral in Kirkwall is dedicated to his memory, and his legacy is still celebrated in Orkney today.
  • Betty Mouat – An Orcadian folk heroine, Betty Mouat became famous after surviving a nine-day solo drift at sea in 1886 when her fishing boat was swept away. Her incredible story is still celebrated in Orkney.
  • Edwin Muir – Born in Deerness, Edwin Muir was a Scottish poet, novelist, and translator known for his works that reflect the history and culture of Orkney. He is considered one of the greatest Scottish poets of the 20th century.
  • James Hutton – The father of modern geology, James Hutton conducted significant research in Orkney, studying the islands’ unique rock formations. His work on the cycles of erosion and deposition revolutionized geological science.
  • Sir Peter Maxwell Davies – An internationally acclaimed composer, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies lived in Orkney for many years, and his music was often inspired by the islands’ landscapes and culture. He was a major figure in contemporary classical music.
  • William Balfour Baikie – An Orcadian doctor and explorer, William Balfour Baikie led several expeditions in West Africa in the 19th century. His work in medicine and exploration earned him recognition as a significant figure in both fields.
  • Robert Rendall – A poet, artist, and naturalist from Orkney, Robert Rendall’s work often reflected the islands’ wildlife and landscapes. He is remembered for his contributions to Orcadian literature and natural history.
  • Earl Rognvald – A Viking Earl of Orkney, Rognvald Brusason was a key figure in the Norse history of the islands. His rule in the 11th century helped establish Orkney as a major Viking stronghold in the North Atlantic.
  • Mary Ann Isbister – A 19th-century Orcadian photographer, Mary Ann Isbister was one of the few female photographers of her time. Her images of Orkney’s landscapes and people provide valuable historical documentation of life in the islands.
  • Films and TV Shows Shot on the Island

  • The Eagle (2011) – This historical drama, set in Roman Britain, filmed several key scenes in Orkney, using the islands’ rugged landscapes to depict the wilds of ancient Scotland.
  • Moon Dogs (2016) – A coming-of-age road trip movie, Moon Dogs was partly filmed in Orkney, capturing the islands’ stunning scenery as the backdrop to the characters’ journey.
  • Valhalla Rising (2009) – This dark Viking drama was filmed in various locations across Scotland, including Orkney. The island’s dramatic coastline and ancient history provided the perfect setting for the film’s brooding atmosphere.
  • The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) – The James Bond movie The Spy Who Loved Me featured scenes filmed off the coast of Orkney, where the islands’ rugged coastline played a backdrop for Bond’s high-seas adventure.
  • Local Hero (1983) – While most of this cult classic was filmed in the Scottish Highlands, some scenes were shot in Orkney, particularly around the coastal villages, to capture the remote Scottish island feel.
  • The Edge of the World (1937) – Though primarily filmed in the Shetland Islands, Orkney’s dramatic landscapes also featured in this classic film about the depopulation of a remote Scottish island.
  • Whisky Galore! (2016) – Although set in the Outer Hebrides, parts of this remake were filmed in Orkney to capture the island’s unique and picturesque scenery.
  • Tommy’s Honour (2016) – A biographical film about Scottish golfing legend Tommy Morris, Tommy’s Honour filmed some of its coastal scenes in Orkney, using the islands’ windswept beauty as a stand-in for 19th-century Scotland.
  • Wrecked (2010) – Filmed in the waters around Orkney, this survival thriller captured the island’s remote and wild terrain, creating an intense and atmospheric backdrop for the film.
  • The Ghost of Greville Lodge (2000) – This British TV ghost story featured scenes shot in the atmospheric and misty landscapes of Orkney, adding to the eerie and mysterious tone of the series.
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