30 Fascinating Things About Prince Edward Island

30 Surprising Facts About Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island, known for its charming landscapes and rich cultural heritage, is a captivating gem of the Canadian Maritimes. Famous as the setting of Anne of Green Gables, this small yet vibrant island has much more to offer, from stunning red sand beaches and world-class seafood to historic landmarks and unique local traditions. Whether you’re a history buff, a nature lover, or a foodie, these 30 surprising facts about Prince Edward Island will reveal the hidden wonders and stories that make this island truly special.

1. Canada's Smallest Province

Prince Edward Island (PEI), often referred to as the "Garden of the Gulf," is Canada’s smallest province, both in terms of land area and population. Despite its small size, PEI has a big impact, known for its stunning red-sand beaches, rolling farmlands, and vibrant cultural scene. The island spans just 5,660 square kilometers (2,190 square miles) and is home to around 160,000 residents. Its compact size makes it easy to explore, whether you’re touring its historic sites, scenic coastal drives, or quaint small towns that dot the picturesque landscape.

2. Birthplace of Confederation

Charlottetown, the capital of Prince Edward Island, is known as the “Birthplace of Confederation” because it hosted the historic Charlottetown Conference in 1864, where discussions leading to the formation of Canada as a nation first took place. Today, the city proudly commemorates this pivotal event with historic sites like Province House and the Confederation Centre of the Arts. Visitors can learn about the conference and the island’s role in Canada’s history through interactive exhibits, guided tours, and theatrical reenactments that bring this important chapter to life.

3. Anne of Green Gables Fame

PEI is famous worldwide as the setting for Lucy Maud Montgomery’s beloved novel, Anne of Green Gables. The story of the imaginative red-haired orphan has captured hearts around the globe since its publication in 1908. Today, fans can visit the Green Gables Heritage Place in Cavendish, which inspired the novel’s setting, and explore the Anne of Green Gables Museum, located in the author’s family home. The island celebrates Anne’s legacy with themed tours, festivals, and even a musical adaptation that has been performed annually in Charlottetown since 1965.

4. A Culinary Hotspot for Seafood Lovers

Prince Edward Island is renowned for its world-class seafood, especially its mussels, oysters, and lobster. The island’s cold, pristine waters provide ideal conditions for cultivating these delicacies, which are enjoyed locally and exported worldwide. Visitors can indulge in fresh-from-the-sea dishes at numerous restaurants or experience a traditional lobster supper, a beloved PEI dining experience. Oyster lovers can also visit Malpeque Bay, home to the famous Malpeque oysters, which are known for their exceptional flavor and are a highlight of the island’s culinary scene.

5. The Iconic Red Soil

PEI’s striking red soil is one of its most distinctive features, giving the island a unique landscape unlike anywhere else in Canada. The red color comes from the high iron content in the soil, which oxidizes and rusts when exposed to air. This fertile soil is not only a visual wonder but also makes PEI an agricultural powerhouse, particularly for growing potatoes. In fact, the island produces over a billion pounds of potatoes annually, making it one of the largest potato-growing regions in Canada.

6. The Confederation Bridge

Connecting PEI to the mainland of New Brunswick, the Confederation Bridge is an engineering marvel and the longest bridge in the world over ice-covered waters. Spanning 12.9 kilometers (8 miles), the bridge dramatically improved access to the island when it opened in 1997, replacing the seasonal ferry service. Crossing the bridge is a unique experience, offering stunning views of the Northumberland Strait. The Confederation Bridge has become a symbol of modern PEI, linking the island’s rich history with its future growth and development.

7. Home to the Smallest Mi'kmaq First Nation Reserve

Prince Edward Island is home to the smallest Mi’kmaq First Nation reserve in Canada, known as Lennox Island. Located off the northwest coast of PEI, this 540-acre island is a vibrant community where the Mi’kmaq people continue to practice their traditions and culture. Visitors to Lennox Island can explore the cultural center and learn about Mi’kmaq history, art, and customs. The community also hosts events such as powwows, where traditional drumming, dancing, and storytelling showcase the rich heritage of the island’s indigenous people.

8. A Haven for Cyclists

With over 435 kilometers (270 miles) of dedicated cycling trails, PEI is a paradise for cyclists. The Confederation Trail, a converted railway line that spans the length of the island, offers a scenic and leisurely way to explore PEI’s charming towns, rolling farmland, and coastal vistas. The trail is part of the Trans Canada Trail network and is accessible to cyclists, hikers, and walkers. Along the way, cyclists can enjoy picturesque villages, historic sites, and the island’s famous beaches, making it an ideal destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

9. PEI Potatoes: The Pride of the Island

PEI is synonymous with potatoes, and for good reason. The island’s red soil, moderate climate, and careful cultivation produce some of the best potatoes in the world. PEI grows more than 25% of Canada’s potatoes, and they are a staple of the island’s economy and cuisine. Visitors can learn about the history and production of this famous crop at the Canadian Potato Museum in O’Leary, which features exhibits on potato farming, machinery, and even a giant potato sculpture. The museum is a fun and educational stop for anyone interested in PEI’s agricultural heritage.

10. Stunning Coastal Beauty

With over 1,100 kilometers (684 miles) of coastline, PEI boasts some of the most beautiful beaches and coastal scenery in Canada. From the iconic red cliffs of Prince Edward Island National Park to the sandy shores of Basin Head, known for its “singing sands,” the island offers a diverse range of beach experiences. The warm waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence make for excellent swimming, and the island’s many coves and bays are perfect for kayaking, paddleboarding, and exploring the natural beauty of PEI’s shores.

11. PEI's Unique Lighthouses

Prince Edward Island is home to over 60 lighthouses, each with its own unique story and charm. Many of these historic structures, such as the Point Prim Lighthouse, the oldest on the island, and the West Point Lighthouse, which doubles as an inn, are open to the public. Exploring PEI’s lighthouses offers a glimpse into the island’s maritime heritage and provides stunning views of the coastline. The Lighthouse Lovers Tour is a popular way to visit these iconic beacons, each offering a unique perspective on the island’s history and beauty.

12. The Charlottetown Festival

The Charlottetown Festival, held every summer at the Confederation Centre of the Arts, is one of Canada’s most beloved theatre festivals. The highlight of the festival is the musical Anne of Green Gables, a perennial favorite that has been delighting audiences for over 50 years. The festival also features a variety of other productions, from classic musicals to contemporary plays, showcasing Canadian talent and storytelling. It’s a cultural highlight of the island, drawing theatre lovers from across the country to enjoy world-class performances in a beautiful setting.

13. The Lobster Capital of the World

The small fishing town of Souris, located on PEI’s eastern shore, proudly claims the title of “Lobster Capital of the World.” The island’s waters are home to some of the best lobster fishing grounds in North America, and the annual lobster season is a major event. Visitors to PEI can enjoy fresh lobster straight from the sea at local restaurants, or even participate in a lobster fishing experience to learn about this important industry firsthand. The island’s lobster is a culinary delicacy that attracts seafood lovers from around the globe.

14. PEI's Haunted History

PEI is known for its charming, picturesque landscape, but it also has a spooky side. The island is home to many ghost stories and haunted locations, from the phantom ship sightings off the North Shore to the ghost of Holland Cove, said to be the restless spirit of a murdered Acadian woman. Charlottetown’s historic buildings, such as the Old Charlottetown Jail and the Province House, are rumored to be haunted, making the city a popular spot for ghost tours. Exploring PEI’s haunted history is a thrilling way to experience the island’s folklore and mysteries.

15. A Land of Festivals

PEI loves to celebrate, and the island hosts a variety of festivals throughout the year. From the Cavendish Beach Music Festival, which attracts top country music stars, to the PEI International Shellfish Festival, a culinary celebration of the island’s seafood, there’s something for everyone. Other popular events include the Fall Flavours Festival, showcasing local food and drink, and the PEI Jazz and Blues Festival. These festivals reflect the island’s vibrant community spirit and provide a great way to experience PEI’s culture, music, and cuisine.

16. Historic Summerside

Summerside, PEI’s second-largest city, is a charming town with a rich history. Once a bustling shipbuilding center, Summerside is now known for its beautifully preserved Victorian architecture, waterfront boardwalk, and cultural attractions. Visitors can explore the town’s history at the Wyatt Historic House Museum or take in a performance at the Harbourfront Theatre. Summerside also hosts the annual Lobster Carnival, a lively celebration of the island’s fishing heritage. With its friendly atmosphere and scenic location, Summerside is a delightful destination for those looking to experience the heart of PEI.

17. The Island Walk

The Island Walk is a 700-kilometer (435-mile) trail that circumnavigates PEI, offering a unique way to experience the island’s diverse landscapes and communities. Inspired by the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Island Walk takes about 32 days to complete and passes through charming villages, scenic coastlines, and peaceful countryside. It’s a journey that invites walkers to slow down and connect with the island’s natural beauty and welcoming people. The Island Walk is a new and growing attraction that showcases PEI’s commitment to outdoor recreation and sustainable tourism.

18. The Home of Lucy Maud Montgomery

The village of Cavendish, located on PEI’s north shore, is the birthplace of Lucy Maud Montgomery, author of Anne of Green Gables. Montgomery’s childhood home and the surrounding landscapes inspired many of the settings in her books, from the rolling hills and woodlands to the iconic Green Gables house. Today, visitors can explore the Lucy Maud Montgomery Birthplace, the Green Gables Heritage Place, and the Cavendish Cemetery, where the author is buried. Cavendish is a must-visit destination for fans of Montgomery’s work, offering a glimpse into the life and world of one of Canada’s most beloved writers.

19. PEI's Sand Dunes

The towering sand dunes of Prince Edward Island National Park are one of the island’s most striking natural features. These dunes, some reaching over 20 meters (65 feet) in height, create a stunning landscape along the island’s north shore. The park protects this delicate ecosystem, which is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including the endangered piping plover. Boardwalks and trails allow visitors to explore the dunes without damaging the fragile environment. The sand dunes are a must-see for anyone visiting PEI, offering breathtaking views and a unique coastal experience.

20. The First National Park in Canada

Prince Edward Island National Park, established in 1937, was one of the first national parks in Canada and remains one of the island’s top attractions. The park stretches along the north shore of the island, encompassing beautiful beaches, sand dunes, wetlands, and forests. It’s a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering activities such as hiking, birdwatching, and swimming. The park is also home to the Green Gables Heritage Place, part of the Lucy Maud Montgomery’s Cavendish National Historic Site. PEI National Park is a natural treasure that showcases the island’s stunning coastal beauty and ecological diversity.

21. Ice Cream Capital of Canada

Prince Edward Island is home to some of the best ice cream in Canada, thanks to its rich dairy industry and love of local flavors. The island’s iconic COWS Ice Cream has been serving up delicious, hand-crafted ice cream since 1983. COWS is known for its whimsical branding, creative flavors, and use of high-quality local ingredients. Visitors to PEI can tour the COWS Creamery in Charlottetown to see how the ice cream is made and sample flavors like Moo York Cheesecake and PEI Apple Crisp. PEI’s passion for ice cream makes it a sweet destination for dessert lovers.

22. The Confederation Centre of the Arts

Located in downtown Charlottetown, the Confederation Centre of the Arts is a national arts center dedicated to celebrating Canadian culture and the arts. The center includes a theater, art gallery, and library, and is home to the Charlottetown Festival. It was built in 1964 to commemorate the centennial of the Charlottetown Conference and has since become a hub for the performing and visual arts on the island. The Confederation Centre hosts a variety of performances, exhibitions, and events throughout the year, making it a cultural cornerstone of PEI.

23. The Cavendish Beach Music Festival

The Cavendish Beach Music Festival is Atlantic Canada’s largest outdoor music event, drawing thousands of fans to PEI each summer. Held in the scenic community of Cavendish, the festival features top country music artists from Canada and around the world. The three-day event is a highlight of the island’s summer season, offering great music, food, and entertainment in a beautiful beachside setting. The festival has become a major attraction for visitors and a showcase for PEI’s vibrant music scene.

24. Historic Province House

Province House in Charlottetown is the birthplace of Canadian Confederation and a National Historic Site of Canada. Built in 1847, this neoclassical building has been the seat of the PEI legislature for over 170 years. It was here that the Charlottetown Conference was held in 1864, laying the groundwork for the creation of Canada. Today, Province House is undergoing extensive renovations, but visitors can still explore its history through exhibits at the nearby Confederation Centre. Province House is a symbol of PEI’s central role in Canadian history and a must-see for history buffs.

25. A Literary Destination

In addition to Lucy Maud Montgomery, PEI has inspired many other writers and artists. The island’s scenic beauty and rich cultural heritage provide a perfect backdrop for creative expression. The island hosts literary events such as the PEI Writers’ Festival and the Bookmark Book Festival, where authors and readers come together to celebrate Canadian literature. The island’s libraries, bookshops, and literary landmarks make it a wonderful destination for book lovers looking to explore the world of PEI’s storytelling and literary history.

26. The Legend of the Phantom Ship

One of PEI’s most enduring legends is the tale of the Phantom Ship, said to appear off the island’s north coast as a ghostly, burning vessel. Sightings of the ship, often described as a three-masted schooner engulfed in flames, have been reported for over 200 years. According to local lore, the ship is a spectral reminder of a tragic event at sea, and its eerie glow is said to foretell stormy weather. The Phantom Ship is a fascinating part of PEI’s folklore, capturing the imagination of locals and visitors alike.

27. The Basin Head “Singing Sands”

Basin Head, located on PEI’s eastern shore, is famous for its unique “singing sands,” a phenomenon where the white sand makes a distinctive squeaking sound when walked upon. This unusual effect is caused by the high silica content and the shape of the sand grains, which create friction as they rub together. Basin Head is also known for its beautiful beach and warm, shallow waters, making it a popular destination for swimming and beachcombing. The singing sands are a delightful natural curiosity that adds to the charm of this idyllic seaside spot.

28. PEI's Active Theatre Scene

PEI has a thriving theatre scene, with numerous companies and venues showcasing everything from classic plays to new Canadian works. In addition to the Charlottetown Festival, the island is home to the Victoria Playhouse, the Watermark Theatre, and the Kings Playhouse, each offering a unique theatre experience in picturesque settings. The island’s intimate theatres and enthusiastic audiences create a vibrant atmosphere for performers and theatre-goers alike. PEI’s commitment to the arts makes it a cultural hotspot for those looking to enjoy high-quality performances in a beautiful, relaxed setting.

29. A Golfing Paradise

With over 25 golf courses, PEI is a golfer’s paradise. The island’s courses are known for their stunning settings, with many offering breathtaking views of the coastline, rolling hills, and lush forests. Courses like The Links at Crowbush Cove and Brudenell River Golf Course are among the best in Canada, attracting golfers of all skill levels. The island’s compact size makes it easy to explore multiple courses during a single visit, and its friendly, welcoming atmosphere makes golfing in PEI a truly enjoyable experience.

30. A Resilient Community Spirit

Prince Edward Island’s small, close-knit communities are known for their resilience and hospitality. Islanders take pride in their unique way of life, shaped by the island’s rural traditions and maritime heritage. The community spirit is evident in everything from local festivals and farmers’ markets to volunteer efforts and neighborhood gatherings. This strong sense of community, combined with the island’s natural beauty and cultural richness, makes PEI a truly special place to visit and live.

From its role in Canadian history to its reputation as a seafood paradise, Prince Edward Island is a destination brimming with fascinating stories and natural beauty. Each fact highlights a different facet of this charming island.